参考译文：

罗斯福总统给愤怒的美国人民带来了希望

从本周开始，我们向你们讲述富兰克林.罗斯福总统的故事。在1932年，美国人已经厌倦了共和党总统休伯特.胡佛的政策了，他们认为胡佛面对导致经济崩溃的大萧条无所作为，他们在这一年的总统大选中将巨大的胜利送给了富兰克林.罗斯福和他的民主党。罗斯福认为联邦政府在帮助每个美国人方面应该承担更多的责任，1932年秋天的这场选举给许多美国人带来了希望，但罗斯福要在大选结束的四个月后，即等到1933年3月才能正式成为总统。在这几个月中，美国经济进一步恶化到有史以来的最坏水平。

胡佛总统试图召开世界经济会议，而且他请救求当选总统罗斯福与他一起发表支持企业发展的保守型的声明。罗斯福对此予以拒绝，他认为在他正式成为总统之前像一个总统一样采取行动是错误的，而且他也不想把自己与选民已经明确表示反对的政策联系在一起。同样，受民主党控制的国会也拒绝帮助胡佛。

这是一个不确定、群情激忿和前所未有的时期，经济形势前所未有的糟糕，等待救济的民众的队伍前所未有的长，乡村里随处可见愤怒的暴徒，而在华盛顿的政客们，却不能为摆脱危机而共同努力。胡佛说，我们已经到了绳子的边缘，我们已经没有什么可能做的了。而于此同时，全国人民都在等待，他们对新总统将会做什么充满着担心、不确定和害怕。

这位新总统时年51岁，他的家庭对美国公众来说，可真是家喻户晓。三十年前曾经是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一的西奥多.罗斯福，就是他的远亲。富兰克林.罗斯福就出生于这样一个富裕而又名声显赫的纽约家庭，他进了最好的学校：格罗顿(Groton)、哈佛和哥伦比亚大学法学院。在1910年，他成功当选纽约州议员，作为一名州参议员，他向人们展现了其非凡的才能和政治理解力以及他为其他民主党候选人的竞选而付出的积极努力。富兰克林.罗斯福在伍德罗.威尔逊总统期间担任海军部长助理，到1920年，他已经是民主党副总统的候选人，尽管那此竞选没能成功。

第二年，罗斯福遭受个人的灾难，在他与家人一起外出度假航行时，突然，他的身体变得冰冷，他觉得他的后背和双腿非常的痛疼，医生来了，但痛疼却更为严重。几个星期后，罗斯福不得不卧床，最后，医生发现罗斯福得了脊髓灰质炎，他的双腿失去控制，他再也无法走路了。罗斯福曾经是一个非常喜爱体育运动的人，但现在他不得不坐在轮椅上。他所有的金钱和名声无法让他靠自己的双腿站立起来。

许多美国人认为，罗斯福得了这个病将会终结他的政治梦想，但他们错了。罗斯福向人们展现出他此前所没有过的非凡的内在力量。1928年罗斯福作为民主党竞选纽约州的州长候选人而积极参选，他以微弱多数赢得了纽约州州长的竞选，但两年后，纽约州的选民再次选举他为纽约州的州长，因为他们为他在大萧条时期创造性的努力而帮助他们克服困难而欢呼。

富兰克林.罗斯福在公众面前总是那样的强壮和友善，他喜欢说笑话，并享受生活。但在他乐观的外表下内含着强烈的愿望。纵观他的一生，罗斯福一直为改善普通人的生活而努力，而且他愿意利用政府的力量来做到这一点。他认为政府有能力和有责任提高民众的生活水平。

对此，罗斯福深信不疑，但对如何更好地做到这一点，他不得而知。在1932年的总统大选期间，他曾经这样说过：“最重要的是，我们必须尝试做些什么。”罗斯福相信全国人都要求他进行创造性的试验。在1932年的大选中，全国人的绝大多数把票投给了他，他们支持他所提倡的为结束大萧条而行动的呼声，但没有人真正能确信这位来自纽约的的不能走路的新总统，在入主白宫后会做些什么。

在1933年总统宣誓就职那天，天气多雾，天空阴暗。一大早，罗斯福前往教堂，然后他与胡佛总统一起离开白宫驱车前往国会大厦。在途中，罗斯福试图与胡佛总统交谈，但胡佛说的很少，罗斯福只好毫无情绪地向围观的民众招手致意。这两人到达国会大厦后，已经聚集了大量的民众等候他们的到来。数百万美国人守在收音机前收听典礼。美国首席大法官查尔斯.埃文斯.休斯(Charles Evans Hughes)主持了罗斯福总统的就职典礼。然后美国人民静静地等待这位美国第三十二任总统将会说些什么。他对全国人民说，他坚信全国人民期望他坦诚布公讲述美国当前所面临的形势。他对全国人民说，我们伟大的祖国过去遭受过苦难，今后还将会遭受苦难，但我们的祖国必将得到恢复，并再次繁荣。他谈到，真正的危险是恐惧，那种阻碍人们努力向前的难以名状的恐惧。他还谈到，在美国每个历史上每一个黑暗的时期，诚实而又魄力的领导人都得到了人民的支持。下面就是罗斯福就职演说的部分录音。

罗斯福总统：“我们这个伟大的祖国曾经历经磨难，今后仍将经受考验，但必将会得到恢复，会再次繁荣。所以，首先请允许我坚定我的信念：我们惟一该恐惧的是恐惧的本身，是那种难以名状的、盲目的、和毫无根据的恐惧，这种恐惧阻碍我们了前进的努力。”

罗斯福的话在现场观众中引起了共鸣，他似乎充满自信，他答应领导全国人民度过难关。他的风格与满是空洞的许诺的胡佛大相径庭。

罗斯福总统：“幸福并不仅仅建立在对金钱的拥有上，还源于取得成就的喜悦和创造性工作的激动上。切莫在疯狂地追逐瞬间即逝的利润时忘记工作所带来的喜悦和激动。在这些阴暗的日子里，我的同胞们所付出的代价是值得的，如果这些时日能够教育我们认识到，我们不该听任命运的摆布，而应该让命运为我们自己，为我们的同胞服务。”

罗斯福说，当前最重要的是让人们回到工作中去，而且他还说，联邦政府在创造就业岗位中要扮演重要的角色。罗斯福还说，让国家从大萧条中恢复过来有许多办法，但如果仅仅停留在口头上那将一事无补。“我们必须行动起来，”他说，“而且是立即行动起来。”

罗斯福此时面露强硬和严肃之色，他对观众说，在联邦政府体制内，所有必要的措施都可能采取。但他也警告说，国会必须与他合作，以使国家能够再次回到发展的轨道上来。他的演说结束了，罗斯福面带微笑向人群后挥手致意。休伯特.胡佛与他握了握手，就离开了。罗斯福自己穿过人群独自回到白宫，随之他就要立即召开一系列会议。

1933年罗斯福的就职演说是美国历史上最为重要，最有影响的就职演说之一，罗斯福的演说就像是海浪一样，冲走了一个历史时期，迎来了一个新的历史时期。这位总统似乎很强壮，他给予人民以希望。这位新总统向人民承诺要采取行动，而且是马上采取行动。在此后的三个月里，罗斯福和他的民主党所通过的新计划比以前数年通过的计划还要多。下周我们就将向你讲述罗斯福政府所采取的行动。

简评：

是呀，我们唯一值得恐惧的是恐惧本身。日本发生九级大地震，由此引发了巨大的海啸和难以预估的核泄漏事故。但我们在电视画面中，并没有更多地看到日本民众是多么的恐惧和慌乱，相反，由于担心核辐射，我们中国人却在大半个中国掀起了抢购碘盐的风潮。为什么？因为我们中国人害怕呀，哪怕是一点风吹草动，也会很害怕。这就像罗斯福所说的，我们唯一值得恐惧的是恐惧本身。我们中国人什么时候能够真正的成熟起来呢？在灾害面前保持一份淡定，那是多么的宝贵呀。

关于二战爆发的第三个原因：大萧条

大萧条导致一些国家为了挽救本国经济而采取非常措施，而这些非常措施又引发了政治体制的转变，特别是向极权体制转变。这一点在德国表现最明显。

大萧条由美国开始，涉及全世界，特别是欧洲。工业、农业产量下降近半，这使得本来刚刚从一战中走出来的欧洲，再次陷入贫困和饥饿之中。特别是德国，由于凡尔赛条约中对德国的苛刻的条件，使得德国经济一直没有得到有效的恢复，再加上这次史无例的大萧条，德国经济再次遭受重创，德国人民的生活更是异常的艰难。在这种情况下，德国人的不满情绪日益升高，呼吁强有力的领导站出来的愿望非常急迫，至于强有力的领导会采取什么措施，此时已经顾及不了了，只要能解决吃饭问题，其他都好说。于是，希特勒出现了，他成为德国人民的救星。而希特勒也充分利用德国人民对他的依赖，把德国武装成战争机器，来实现其心中的梦想。而其他国家对德国出现的这种现象，在经济大萧条的客观环境中，大都抱以宽容的、可以理解的态度，从而助长了希特勒的决心。

An Angry Nation Puts Its Hopes in President Roosevelt 

This week in our series, we begin the story of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In nineteen thirty-two Americans were tired of the policies of Republican President Herbert Hoover. They thought Hoover had done too little to fight the depression that was crushing the economy. They gave a big victory to Franklin Roosevelt and his Democrats in the elections that year. Roosevelt believed that the federal government should do more to help average Americans. The election brought hope to many Americans in the autumn of nineteen thirty-two. But Roosevelt did not become president until March of nineteen thirty-three, four months after the election. And those months saw the American economy fall to its lowest level in the history of the nation.

President Hoover tried to arrange a world economic conference. And he called on President-elect Roosevelt to join him in making conservative statements in support of business. Roosevelt refused. He did not think it was correct to begin acting like a president until he actually became the president. He did not want to tie himself to policies that the voters had just rejected. Congress, controlled by Democrats, also refused to help Hoover.

It was a strange period, a season of uncertainty and anger. The economy was worse than ever. The lines of people waiting for food were longer than before. Angry mobs of farmers were gathering in the countryside. And the politicians in Washington seemed unable to work together to end the crisis. Hoover said, We are at the end of our rope. There is nothing more we can do. And across the country, Americans waited -- worried, uncertain, afraid. What would the new president do?  

The new president was fifty-one years old. His family name was well-known to the American public. Theodore Roosevelt -- a distant family member -- had served as one of America's greatest presidents thirty years earlier. Franklin Roosevelt was born to a rich and important New York family. He went to the best schools: Groton, Harvard and Columbia Law School. In nineteen ten, he won election to the New York State Legislature. He showed great intelligence and political understanding as a state senator, and worked hard for other Democratic candidates. Franklin Roosevelt next served as assistant secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. And in nineteen twenty, he was the Democratic Party's unsuccessful candidate for vice president.

The next year, Roosevelt suffered a personal tragedy. He was sailing during a holiday with his family. Suddenly, his body became cold. He felt severe pain in his back and legs. Doctors came. But the pain got worse. For weeks, Roosevelt was forced to lie on his back. Finally, doctors discovered that Roosevelt was a victim of polio. He lost control of his legs because of the disease. He would never walk again. Roosevelt had always been an active man who loved sports. But now he would have to live with a wheelchair. All of his money and fame could not get him back the strength in his legs.

President Roosevelt in 1933

Many Americans thought the illness would end Roosevelt's political dreams. But they were wrong. He showed an inner strength that people had never seen in him before. Roosevelt ran as the Democratic candidate for governor of New York state in nineteen twenty-eight. He won by a small number of votes. Two years later, the voters of New York re-elected Roosevelt. And they cheered his creative efforts to help citizens of the state who were suffering from the Great Depression.

Franklin Roosevelt always appeared strong and friendly in public. He loved to laugh and enjoy life. But his happy face hid a strong will. Throughout his life, Roosevelt worked to improve life for the common man. And he was willing to use the power of government to do this. He thought the government had the power and responsibility to improve the life of its citizens.

Roosevelt believed deeply in this. But he was less certain about the best way to do it. "Above all, we must try something," he said during the presidential campaign of nineteen thirty-two. Roosevelt believed that the country demanded creative experimentation. Americans in large numbers across the country voted for Roosevelt in nineteen thirty-two. They supported his calls for action to end the depression. But no one was really sure just what this new president from New York -- this man unable to walk -- would really do after he entered the White House.

President Roosevelt's inauguration ceremony in Washington 华盛顿，罗斯福的就职典礼现场

Inauguration Day in nineteen thirty-three began with clouds and a dark sky. Roosevelt went to church in the morning. And then he drove with President Hoover from the White House to the Capitol, the building where Congress meets. Roosevelt tried to talk with Hoover as they drove. But Hoover said little. He just waved without emotion at the crowd. The two men arrived at the Capitol. A huge crowd of people waited. Millions more Americans listened to a radio broadcast of the ceremony. The chief justice of the United States, Charles Evans Hughes, gave the oath of office to Roosevelt. And then Americans waited to hear what the nation's thirty-second president would say. He told them he was sure they expected him to speak openly and honestly about the situation facing the country. He told them that their great nation would survive as it had survived in the past. That it would recover and become rich again. He talked about the danger of fear -- a nameless fear that blocked efforts to move forward. And he talked about Americans giving their support to honest, active leadership in every dark hour of their history. Here is some of Roosevelt's inaugural address in his own words.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT: "This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself--nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance."

Roosevelt's words caught the emotions of the crowd. He seemed sure of himself. He promised leadership. His whole style was different from the empty promises of wealth offered by President Hoover.

PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT: "Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgotten in the mad chase of evanescent profits. These dark days my friends will be worth all they cost us if they teach us that our true destiny is not to be ministered unto but to minister to ourselves, to our fellow men."

Roosevelt said that the most important need was to put people back to work. And he said the federal government would have to take an active part in creating jobs. Roosevelt said there were many ways to help the nation recover. But he said it would never be helped just by talking about it. "We must act," he said, "and act quickly."  

Roosevelt had a strong and serious look on his face. He told the crowd that all the necessary action was possible under the American system of government. But he warned that Congress must cooperate with him to get the nation moving again. Then, his speech finished, Roosevelt waved to the crowd and smiled. Herbert Hoover shook his hand and left. Roosevelt rode alone through the huge crowds back to the White House. And he immediately began a series of conferences. 

Roosevelt's inauguration speech of nineteen thirty-three was one of the most powerful and important speeches in American history. Roosevelt's speech was like an ocean wave that washes away one period of history and brings in a new one. The president seemed strong. He gave people hope. The new president promised the American people action. And action came quickly. During the next three months, Roosevelt and the Democrats would pass more major new programs than the nation had seen in many years. We look at this beginning of the Roosevelt administration in our next program.

http://www.21voa.com/path.asp?url=/201103/se-nation-180-FDR-Inauguration-17mar11.mp3